Some of you have heard me mention in passing from time to
time over the years that I am a universalist, and I want to take a few minutes
to explain this morning what I mean by this and to make my case for Christian
universalism.
I am not arguing that universalism is the consensus view of
the Bible. I do argue that universalism is one voice that we find in the
conversation between generations and people that we call the Bible.
I am not going to argue that universalism has been the
majority opinion of the Christian church during its 2000 year history. I do
argue that many Christians throughout the centuries have come to a universalist
conclusion, and they did so for good reason … because the Christian gospel
points us in this direction.
The way I have chosen to phrase my understanding of
universalism is the statement that ultimately hell will be empty.
Let us forget for a few minutes all of the metaphorical
descriptions that are used to describe heaven and hell … that heaven will have
streets of gold and pearly gates … that hell is a place of flames and sulfur.
Theologically, heaven or the kingdom of heaven means to live
in the presence of God according to God’s will and desires and hopes for us. Theologically
hell means to live in the absence of God in rebellion against God’s will and
desires and hopes for us.
If we believe in human freedom, hell is a necessary
theological proposition. If we believe that human beings have the freedom to accept or reject God, a place or state where
we can choose to be godless is a logical necessity.
And I believe fully
in human freedom. God is never coercive, God never forces us into relationship,
God never bullies us.
God is not coercive but God is infinitely and eternally
invitational. This is the revelation we have seen in Jesus Christ. God never
closes the door on any one of us … not even if our name is Judas or Hitler.
There are some images in the New Testament on this topic I
find very compelling. Ephesians 4: 9-10 describe a Jesus who descends into
" into the lower parts of the earth” to bring good news to those who are
captive there. 1 Peter 3:19 says that Jesus when he was put to death in the
flesh went in the spirit to proclaim good news to those who are imprisoned.
The historic Apostle’s Creed says Jesus Christ “was
crucified, dead, and buried; he descended into hell; the third day he rose
again from the dead…”
I am less concerned about the specific technology of these
texts but the spirit of them. Jesus is so commitment to never closing the door
on anyone of us that he will willing to go to hell to communicate the good news
of God’s love and welcome.
My conviction that hell will eventually be empty is not
because I think that all of us are good and do not deserve the consequences of
the harmful and destructive things we have done. It is because I think that
God’s love is eternal . I think ultimately, because it is barren and empty, we will all come to the end of our rebellion and
when we turn back home God will be there waiting for us, even if we’ve been to
hell and back.
The strongest argument, in my opinion, against universalism
is that if no one is in hell where is the justice in the universe. If Judas and
Hitler are not in hell, isn’t the universe ultimately an unjust place? Isn’t
God unfair?
So I have to say that I do believe in judgment. In
Revelations 14:13 Bishop John hears a voice from heaven and it says:
“Blessed are the dead who from now
on die in the Lord." "Yes," says the Spirit, "they will
rest from their labors, for their deeds follow them."
Our deeds do follow us out of this life.
There will have to be a correction of the injustices of this
world. Some of us are born privileged. Some of us born to die of starvation before
they have hardly lived. Some of us slave owners; some of us slaves. Some of us
abusers; some abused. I don’t need to go
on and on. This is a horribly unjust world not because of a Creator’s intention
but because of the creation’s radical freedom.
This is why I believe in something like purgatory, not in
the crude sense that it is sometimes talked about but in the sense spoken of by
the theologian Jurgen Moltmann.
Moltmann says:
An intermediate state of this kind
is presupposed by the doctrines of purgatory and reincarnation, but the idea of
a great divine judgment also gives a name to something between our death and
eternal life. ... For me, God’s judgment means the final putting to rights of
the injustice that has been done and suffered, and the final raising up of
those who have been bowed down. So I conceive of that intermediate state as a
wide space for living, in which God’s history with a human being can come to
its flowering and consummation. I imagine that we then come close to that well
of life from which we could already here and now draw the power to live and the
affirmation of life that was meant for them, for which they were born, and
which was taken from them. ...
Those whom we call the dead are not
lost. But they are not yet fully saved either. Together with us who are still
alive, they are hidden, sheltered, in the same hope, and are hence together
with us on the way to God's future. They "watch" with us, and we
"watch" with them. That is the community of hope shared by the dead
with the living, and by the living with the dead.”
This is what I think divine judgment will be like. We will
all have to experience our lives from the perspective of others. We are going to have
to experience what it was like for those we ignored, those we treated badly, those
who suffered and we didn’t care. And it will be hell.
Frankly, I’ve had some of these experiences already without being dead
yet … the experience of seeing yourself as you must seem through the eyes of
another who has experienced injustice or suffering. It is hell.
But in the end we will all have the opportunity to be part
of the kingdom of heaven where the will of God is truly done and we all are
loved and included and fulfilled.
I am not a universalist because I think God is required to
include all of us in heaven. I am not a universalist because I am trying to
tell God what God has to do. If humans are free, so is God.
I am a universalist because I believe including all of us is
what God wants to do. And I have ultimate confidence in God being able to
accomplish what God want to get done ... not by power or might but by the spirit.
There is so much scripture about God’s passionate love for
us and God’s refusal to give up on us that I could quote. But I particularly
love this passage form Hosea Chapter 11.
God is speaking:
When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son.
The more I called them, the more they went from me; they kept sacrificing to
the Baals, and offering incense to idols. Yet it was I who taught Ephraim to
walk, I took them up in my arms; but they did not know that I healed them. I
led them with cords of human kindness, with bands of love. I was to them like
those who lift infants to their cheeks. I bent down to them and fed them. … My
people are bent on turning away from me. … [But] How can I give you up,
Ephraim? How can I hand you over, O Israel? … My heart recoils within me; my
compassion grows warm and tender. I will not execute my fierce anger; I will
not again destroy Ephraim; for I am God and no mortal, the Holy One in your
midst, and I will not come in wrath.
This is the God of Israel and Jesus. No matter how much we
try to turn away, this God who love us and calls us her child will not come in
wrath.
Finally, I think that believing that God will ultimately be successful in
including all of us in heaven is important for the way we live together now. It
means there is no one we can write off. There is no one we can consign to hell.
Sitting and watching Pastor Frank Schaefer’s trial this week
was so painful. Frank is without guile. He is just so sincere and he so clearly
wants to love everyone.
And on the other side were these men (and they were men)
theologically kicking him.
I wanted to hate, but I kept thinking of this sermon I had
committed to preach today.
I believe I will be in heaven with those folk someday.
They can condemn and exile Frank but they will be in heaven
with Frank and us someday. So we must treat them as fellow citizens of heaven
here and now.
It is hard to write somebody off if you believe you will
spend eternity in the same place as they are.
In order to persecute others, I suspect we have to convince
ourselves that they will spend eternity in a different place than we will be. Perhaps the reason we call people godless or bound for
hell is so that our hate is justified in this life.
So the closing words belong to the Psalmist.
Where can I go from your spirit? Or
where can I flee from your presence? If I ascend to heaven, you are there; if I
make my bed in Sheol, you are there. If
I take the wings of the morning and settle at the farthest limits of the sea,
even there your hand shall lead me, and your right hand shall hold me fast.
(Psalm 139:7-10)
The closing words belong to the Apostle Paul:
For I am convinced that neither
death, nor life, nor angels, nor rulers, nor things present, nor things to
come, nor powers, nor height, nor depth, nor anything else in all creation,
will be able to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
(Romans 8:38-39)
The closing words belong to Jesus:
… on this rock I will build my
church, and the gates of Hades will not prevail against it. (Matt. 16:18)
The gates of hell will not prevail. The infinite love of the
divine and holy One will.